UK debt recovery is process-driven and, since Brexit, no longer plugged into the EU enforcement machinery. This focuses on England and Wales.
Before court
Creditors must follow a pre-action protocol, sending a clear letter before action before issuing a claim.
County Court and Money Claim Online
Most money claims start in the County Court, often through Money Claim Online (MCOL). If the debtor does not respond, the creditor obtains a County Court Judgment (CCJ).
Enforcement
A judgment can be enforced by a warrant or writ of control (County Court bailiffs or High Court Enforcement Officers), an attachment of earnings, a charging order over property, or a third-party debt order.
Foreign judgments after Brexit
The EU regime (Brussels Ia) no longer applies. Foreign judgments are now enforced under the common law or applicable Hague Conventions the UK has joined — a more involved route than before.
For foreign creditors
A verified UK colleague can issue the claim, obtain a CCJ, and enforce — or recognise your overseas judgment.
Post-Brexit rules are still settling — confirm with admitted UK counsel.