Belgium’s 2019 Code of Companies and Associations simplified the corporate landscape. The flagship private company is the BV (Besloten Vennootschap) / SRL (Société à Responsabilité Limitée), now the default for most businesses.
No fixed minimum capital — but a financial plan
The reform abolished the old €18,550 minimum capital. Instead, founders must provide "sufficient initial equity" for the planned activity and prepare a written financial plan. That plan matters: if the company fails within three years and was visibly undercapitalised, founders can face liability.
Notarial deed and articles
A BV/SRL is incorporated by notarial deed. The notary verifies the financial plan exists, records the articles, and lodges the deed.
Crossroads Bank and VAT
The company is registered with the Crossroads Bank for Enterprises (KBO/BCE), obtaining a company number, and then activated for VAT where relevant. A business bank account and proof of deposited contributions are part of the process.
UBO register
Ultimate beneficial owners are filed in the Belgian UBO register, with periodic confirmation obligations.
For foreign founders
Belgium is a frequent base for EU operations given Brussels institutions. Non-residents can incorporate, but language (Dutch, French, or German depending on region) and the financial-plan requirement reward local input. A verified Belgian colleague can prepare the deed and registration and confirm current thresholds.
Belgian practice differs by region and language community — confirm specifics with admitted Belgian counsel.