German civil litigation is efficient and predictable, and recent reforms have made it more accessible for international parties.
Which court has jurisdiction
For cross-border claims, Brussels Ia usually directs you to the courts of the defendant company’s seat, subject to special contract/tort rules and any choice-of-court clause.
Amtsgericht vs Landgericht
Claims up to €5,000 go to the local court (Amtsgericht); above that, to the regional court (Landgericht), where a lawyer is mandatory. Commercial disputes can be heard by a specialised Chamber for Commercial Matters (Kammer für Handelssachen).
English-language commercial courts
Following a 2025 reform, German states can run commercial courts that hear cases in English — a notable move to attract international disputes.
How a claim starts and costs
Proceedings begin with a statement of claim (Klage). Court and lawyer fees follow statutory scales, so costs are predictable, and the loser generally pays the winner’s recoverable costs.
For foreign claimants
A verified German colleague can confirm jurisdiction, choose the right court, and file the Klage.
Reforms are bedding in — confirm with admitted German counsel.